CMS Muon Group, M. Tytgat
The current operation of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system within the CMS experiment involves approximately 95\% tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4, TFE). However, in response to climate change concerns, the European Union has instituted a ban on TFE owing to its elevated Global Warming Potential, resulting in an associated increase in market prices. In this framework, shared endeavors within the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration, have been dedicated to investigating novel ecological gaseous mixtures based on tetrafluoropropene (C3H2F4, HFO-1234ze) to ensure the sustainable functionality of RPCs. This contribution will delve into the performance outcomes derived from improved RPC gas gaps operating on HFO/CO2-based mixtures as ecologically viable alternatives, particularly in anticipation of the High Luminosity LHC phase (HL-LHC).
CMS Muon Group & Tytgat, M 2026, 'New RPC gas mixtures for sustainable operation in the CMS experiment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 1082, no. 2, 170969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170969
CMS Muon Group, & Tytgat, M. (2026). New RPC gas mixtures for sustainable operation in the CMS experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1082(2), Article 170969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170969
@article{dbad52dde17d4d2c90b8ad527be5cf43,
title = "New RPC gas mixtures for sustainable operation in the CMS experiment",
abstract = "The current operation of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system within the CMS experiment involves approximately 95\% tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4, TFE). However, in response to climate change concerns, the European Union has instituted a ban on TFE owing to its elevated Global Warming Potential, resulting in an associated increase in market prices. In this framework, shared endeavors within the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration, have been dedicated to investigating novel ecological gaseous mixtures based on tetrafluoropropene (C3H2F4, HFO-1234ze) to ensure the sustainable functionality of RPCs. This contribution will delve into the performance outcomes derived from improved RPC gas gaps operating on HFO/CO2-based mixtures as ecologically viable alternatives, particularly in anticipation of the High Luminosity LHC phase (HL-LHC).",
keywords = "CMS experiment, Ecological friendly gases, Resistive Plate Chambers",
author = "\{CMS Muon Group\} and D. Ramos and M. Tytgat and Amarilo, \{K. Mota\} and A. Samalan and K. Skovpen and Alves, \{G. A.\} and Coelho, \{E. Alves\} and \{da Silva\}, \{F. Marujo\} and Filho, \{M. Barroso Ferreira\} and \{Da Costa\}, \{E. M.\} and Damiao, \{D. De Jesus\} and Ferreira, \{B. C.\} and \{De Souza\}, \{S. Fonseca\} and L. Mundim and H. Nogima and Pinheiro, \{J. P.\} and A. Santoro and M. Thiel and \{De Souza\}, \{R. Gomes\} and A. Aleksandrov and R. Hadjiiska and P. Iaydjiev and M. Shopova and G. Sultanov and A. Dimitrov and L. Litov and B. Pavlov and P. Petkov and A. Petrov and E. Shumka and P. Cao and W. Diao and W. Gong and Q. Hou and H. Kou and Liu, \{Z. A.\} and J. Song and N. Wang and J. Zhao and Qian, \{S. J.\} and C. Avila and Trujillo, \{D. A.Barbosa\} and Mahmoud, \{M. A.\} and X. Chen and Kim, \{T. J.\} and S. Choi and Lee, \{K. S.\} and Y. Lee and Shah, \{M. A.\} and A. Ahmad",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors",
year = "2026",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2025.170969",
language = "English",
volume = "1082",
journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",
issn = "0168-9002",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "2",
}