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Pieter Libin, Pieter Libin, Kristof Theys, Kristof Theys, Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña, Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña, Ann Nowé, Ann Nowé, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Ana B Abecasis, Ana B Abecasis
 

Contribution to journal

Abstract ■

The adaptive potential of HIV-1 is a vital mechanism to evade host immune responses and antiviral treatment. However, high evolutionary rates during persistent infection can impair transmission efficiency and alter disease progression in the new host, resulting in a delicate trade-off between within-host virulence and between-host infectiousness. This trade-off is visible in the disparity in evolutionary rates at within-host and between-host levels, and preferential transmission of ancestral donor viruses. Understanding the impact of within-host evolution for epidemiological studies is essential for the design of preventive and therapeutic measures. Herein, we review recent theoretical and experimental work that generated new insights into the complex link between within-host evolution and between-host fitness, revealing temporal and selective processes underlying the structure and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission.

Reference ■