Lock-in Pixel Using a Current-Assisted Photonic Demodulator Implemented in 0.6 µm Standard Complemetary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
 
Lock-in Pixel Using a Current-Assisted Photonic Demodulator Implemented in 0.6 µm Standard Complemetary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor ■
 
Ward van der Tempel, Ward van der Tempel, Ward van der Tempel, Daniël Van Nieuwenhove, Daniël Van Nieuwenhove, Daniël Van Nieuwenhove, Riemer Grootjans, Riemer Grootjans, Riemer Grootjans, Maarten Kuijk, Maarten Kuijk, Maarten Kuijk
 
Abstract ■

A complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) lock-in pixel sensor based on a current-assisted photonic demodulation (CAPD) detector is described. The CAPD detector provides high demodulation contrast and yields excellent photo-response. The prototype followed standard active pixel sensor (APS) architecture and was fabricated using a 0.6 um CMOS process from AMS. We obtained a near infrared (NIR) light responsivity of 0.26 A/W at 860 nm. The pixel exhibits demodulation contrast of nearly 100\% at low frequencies and above 90\% even up to 2 MHz. The phase response is linear up to 2 MHz, and even up to 10 MHz with the appropriate phase extraction equations.