Modeling a mm-Wave Imaging System with a 2.5D BiCGS-FFT Volume Integral Equation technique
 
Modeling a mm-Wave Imaging System with a 2.5D BiCGS-FFT Volume Integral Equation technique 
 
Sarah Van Den Bulcke, Sarah Van Den Bulcke, Ann Franchois, Ann Franchois, Lixiao Zhang, Lixiao Zhang, Johan Stiens, Johan Stiens
 
Abstract 

In this contribution we present an exact forward solver for a two-dimensional (2D) inhomogeneous dielectric object embedded in a homogeneous background medium. The object is illuminated with a given three-dimensional (3D) time-harmonic incident field. The 3D scattered field is computed in a number of points surrounding the object. The size of the scattering objects can be very large with respect to the wavelength, leading to an extremely high number of unknowns. Therefore a 2.5D configuration is adopted, since it reduces the computational cost while it maintains the capability of accurately studying the system performance. The vector fields are calculated by discretizing a contrast source integral equation with the Method of Moments. The resulting linear system is solved iteratively with a stabilized biconjugate gradient Fast Fourier Transform (BiCGS-FFT) method [1][2]. Simulation and validation results for a number of test objects are shown. Simulation results for test objects will be compared to measurements performed at the VUB, where a free-space active mm-wave imaging system is being developed. The system presently consists of a mm-wave vector network analyzer [3] operating in the 75 to 300 GHz range. It measures the S-parameters in amplitude and phase with a dynamic range of more than 80 dB. At the transmitting side, a horn antenna emits an incident Gaussian beam, which is focused by a lens at the object location. At the receiving side the scattered field is focused by a lens for image formation at a receiving horn antenna. The total distance between transmitting and receiving sides is typically 75 cm.