Ben Itzhak, N., Stijnen, L. , Kostkova, K. , Laenen, A. , Jansen, B. , & Ortibus, E. (2025). The effectiveness of an individualised and adaptive game-based rehabilitation, iVision, on visual perception in cerebral visual impairment: A triple-blind randomised controlled trial . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 156 , [104899].

@article{e4b7c745d1b546fcacdc48a0af4c1e2c,
title = " The effectiveness of an individualised and adaptive game-based rehabilitation, iVision, on visual perception in cerebral visual impairment: A triple-blind randomised controlled trial " ,
abstract = " AbstractBackgroundCerebral visual impairment (CVI) can negatively affect a child{ extquoteright}s functioning, emphasising the need for interventions to improve visual perception (VP), potentially translating into improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL).AimsAssessing the effectiveness of an adaptive individualised game-based rehabilitation, iVision, on VP, visual function, functional vision, and HRQOL.Methods and proceduresSeventy-three children with CVI (3–12 performance age) were randomised into the adaptive individualised or the non-adaptive non-individualised group (3 sessions/week 12 weeks). Primary outcome was change score (post-intervention – pre-intervention) of the lowest VP dimension. Key secondary outcomes included change score (post-intervention – pre-intervention) of visual function (reaction time to fixation in a preferential looking eye-tracking paradigm), functional vision (success rate in the adapted virtual toy box paradigm total Flemish CVI questionnaire score), HRQOL (total scale score of the paediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 child self-report), and the lowest VP dimension change score (short-term follow-up – pre-intervention).Outcomes and resultsBoth groups significantly improved on the primary outcome, maintaining at short-term. Between-group differences were not significant. No significant effect was found for other key secondary outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed VP dimension improvements and clinically meaningful HRQOL improvements.Conclusions and implicationsAlthough children with CVI improved their VP and to some extent HRQOL, no differences were found between the groups. " ,
author = " {Ben Itzhak}, Nofar and Lieselot Stijnen and Katarina Kostkova and An Laenen and Bart Jansen and Els Ortibus " ,
note = " Funding Information: This work was supported by the Fund Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-project) (grant number T004920N). Funding Information: Such a large clinical trial would not be possible without the assistance from colleagues. First, we would like to thank Dr. Inge Franki who assisted with the grant application and finalising the study documentation. Furthermore, we would like to thank Professor Johan Wagemans for his involvement in the grant submission phase and study conceptualisation. We would like to acknowledge Professor Gordon Dutton for permitting us to adapt, translate, and use the insight question inventory. Moreover, we would like to thank Professor Lotfi Merabet who allowed us to adapt the virtual toy box and to Dr. Christophe Bossens who adapted the paradigm and developed the analysis scripts. We would also like to thank Dr. Marlou Kooiker and Dr. Johan Pel who allowed us to use their preferential looking eye-tracking paradigm and provided the analysis scripts. We would like to acknowledge our colleague Mari Naaris for providing her expertise in relation to the intrinsic motivation inventory. Furthermore, we would like to thank the master students who assisted in the iVision intervention including Chlou00EB Van Hove, Lise Collart, Anouk Schaerlaeken, Els Coenen, Wouter Donkers, and Kyra Van Santvoort. Finally, we would like to extend our wholehearted gratitude to the participating schools (Ganspoel, Ten Dries, Dominiek Savio, Spermalie, Sint-Gerardus, Kasterlinden, Heder, Sint-Lodewijk, Sint-Elisabeth, Windekind, Ritmica, Heemschool, and De 3Master), the Center for Developmental Disabilities (COS), and the CP Reference Center at the University Hospitals of Leuven, as well as the participating children, families, therapists, teachers, and home and school support workers. This work was supported by the Fund Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-project) (grant number T004920N). This work was supported by the Fund Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-project) (grant number T004920N). Publisher Copyright: { extcopyright} 2024 Elsevier Ltd " ,
year = " 2025 " ,
month = jan,
doi = " https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104899 " ,
language = " English " ,
volume = " 156 " ,
journal = " Research in Developmental Disabilities " ,
issn = " 0891-4222 " ,
publisher = " Elsevier Inc. " ,
}